Blog • Published on:April 15, 2025 | Updated on:April 15, 2025 • 23 Min
In recent years, the intersection of cryptocurrency and global migration has evolved from a niche concept to a viable pathway for securing residency in various countries. As of 2025, several nations have recognized the potential of digital assets, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, as legitimate means for investment migration.
This shift reflects a broader acceptance of cryptocurrencies in mainstream financial and governmental systems.
For instance, El Salvador made headlines by becoming the first country to adopt Bitcoin as legal tender, offering permanent residency to foreign investors who contribute a specified amount in Bitcoin to the nation's economy.
Similarly, Portugal has attracted crypto investors with its favorable tax policies, including exemptions on capital gains for individual crypto investments. You can read more about how to obtain a Golden Visa in Portugal through alternative investment routes in our detailed breakdown here: Portugal Golden Visa Program.
These developments indicate a growing trend where digital assets are not only reshaping financial markets but also influencing immigration policies.
This guide aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how individuals can leverage their cryptocurrency holdings to gain residency in crypto-friendly countries, outlining the benefits, processes, and considerations involved in such a significant life decision.
Crypto-based immigration is a form of investment migration where individuals use their cryptocurrency holdings, typically Bitcoin, Ethereum, or stablecoins like USDT, to qualify for residency or citizenship in a foreign country.
Instead of transferring fiat currency into government bonds, real estate, or business investments, applicants commit funds in crypto, which are either converted into fiat or accepted as-is by the host country.
This model is gaining traction in forward-thinking jurisdictions that see crypto not just as a speculative asset but as a legitimate store of value and a tool for attracting affluent investors. Some governments accept crypto directly into their national treasury or via regulated financial intermediaries, while others allow investments in qualifying assets (like property) purchased with crypto.
Importantly, this isn’t the same as simply holding crypto and moving to a country. Crypto investment migration involves a formal legal pathway, usually tied to economic residency programs, that includes regulatory compliance, asset source verification, and often a conversion of crypto into fiat before final approval.
Migrating with crypto offers several distinct advantages:
Not every coin is accepted, and not every country is willing to engage in the same way. But the following digital assets are most commonly accepted:
While meme coins and lesser-known tokens might be suitable for speculative portfolios, governments and immigration programs typically favor coins with a proven track record, high liquidity, and minimal volatility.
In practice, many programs also require applicants to convert crypto to fiat during the transaction for compliance reasons, even if the initial payment is made in digital assets.
As of 2025, a growing number of countries are engaging with cryptocurrency investors, not necessarily by accepting crypto directly for payments, but by allowing digital assets to play a role in qualifying for residency or citizenship.
Some now accept crypto as proof of wealth, while others facilitate crypto-to-fiat conversions for investment migration. Here’s how it breaks down by region:
In 2025, St. Kitts and Nevis officially began recognizing cryptocurrency as valid proof of wealth in its Citizenship by Investment (CBI) program.
While contributions must still be made in fiat, applicants can declare holdings in BTC, ETH, and stablecoins, so long as the source of funds is verified, the holdings are declared in regulated wallets, and full due diligence is completed.
Minimum Investment: $250,000 (Sustainable Island State Contribution)
Crypto Role: Proof of wealth only (crypto-to-fiat required for payment)
Grenada's CBI program includes a $235,000 donation or a $270,000 real estate option. Licensed agents and developers now facilitate USDT, ETH, and BTC transactions through regulated exchanges.
Minimum Investment: $2350,000 (donation) or $270,000 (real estate)
Crypto Role: Indirect payment via licensed agent conversion
Crypto is accepted indirectly via agents for the Antigua & Barbuda CBI program, and some developers accept stablecoins like USDT for property. The government itself does not receive crypto directly, but the pathway is established for digital asset holders.
Minimum Investment: $230,000 (donation) or $300,000 (real estate)
Crypto Role: Crypto accepted via agent or developer conversion
As of 2023, Portugal removed real estate from its Golden Visa program. The current routes include fund investment (€500,000), science/research contributions (€500,000), and cultural heritage donations (€250,000).
While crypto isn’t directly accepted, Portugal remains a crypto-friendly jurisdiction where funds can be liquidated through compliant banking channels.
Minimum Investment: €250,000–€500,000 depending on route
Crypto Role: Crypto converted to fiat through regulated institutions
Malta continues to be one of Europe’s most crypto-literate jurisdictions. While it does not accept crypto directly for residency or citizenship, the country allows wealth from crypto to be converted via licensed exchanges and used in its permanent residency or investment programs.
Crypto Role: Indirect funding via liquidated crypto assets
Residency Path: Contribution and property rental or purchase
The Cypriot residency program allows for permanent residency through a €300,000 property investment. Several developers now accept crypto payments, particularly stablecoins, for qualifying properties. These are converted to fiat before final submission.
Minimum Investment: €300,000
Crypto Role: Crypto accepted by developers, converted to fiat for immigration
Hungary relaunched its Golden Visa in 2024 with a €250,000 minimum investment into state-approved real estate funds. Crypto isn’t officially accepted, but assets can be liquidated to meet program requirements.
Minimum Investment: €250,000
Crypto Role: Indirect, via liquidation and compliant banking
Dubai is the most crypto-integrated city globally. It offers a Property Investor Visa (AED 750,000 minimum) and business-related visas through company formation. Dozens of developers, like EMAAR and DAMAC, accept BTC and ETH.
The Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority (VARA) ensures compliance in all crypto transactions, and digital asset holders can apply for long-term renewable residency.
Minimum Investment: AED 750,000
Crypto Role: Direct property purchases accepted in crypto, converted via licensed exchanges
Singapore’s Global Investor Program requires S$2.5 million investment into approved sectors. While crypto is not accepted as investment capital, the Monetary Authority of Singapore recognizes crypto holdings as part of an applicant’s net worth if verified, custody-compliant, and legally sourced.
Minimum Investment: S$2.5 million
Crypto Role: Proof of wealth, not payment—must convert assets
Hong Kong revived its Capital Investment Entrant Scheme (CIES), requiring an asset value of HK$30 million (~$3.8 million).
As of 2025, the city allows digital assets to count toward this total, if held in regulated platforms and documented with full transparency.
Minimum Net Worth: HK$30 million
Crypto Role: Crypto accepted as part of asset portfolio, must be held on licensed exchanges or verified wallets
El Salvador offers its “Freedom Visa,” a residency and eventual citizenship track for crypto investors. The government requires a $1 million investment in Bitcoin or USDT. As the first country to legalize Bitcoin, it provides one of the only truly crypto-native migration options in the world. The program is limited to 1,000 applicants.
Minimum Investment: $1 million (in BTC or USDT)
Crypto Role: Direct crypto payment accepted by government
Using Bitcoin, Ethereum, or stablecoins to support your residency or citizenship application is no longer a fringe concept. But the process still involves multiple steps, especially due to regulatory and compliance requirements that govern cross-border asset flows. Here's how it typically works, from start to finish.
1. Preliminary Eligibility Assessment:
You’ll first need to determine whether your chosen country accepts crypto-based migration in any form.
This includes checking whether crypto can be accepted directly, or whether conversion to fiat is required. An immigration advisor or local agent will assess your financial standing, asset structure, and personal background.
2. Selecting a Residency/Citizenship Program:
Once eligibility is confirmed, you’ll choose a qualifying investment route: donation, real estate, fund subscription, or business incorporation.
For crypto investors, real estate or private equity funds are typically the easiest entry points due to their flexibility in accepting digital assets.
3. Crypto-to-Fiat Conversion (If Required):
In most cases, even if your investment starts with crypto, it needs to be converted to fiat before being submitted to a government entity. This happens via:
4. KYC and Wallet Verification:
You’ll need to undergo Know Your Customer (KYC) checks with the financial intermediaries. This includes:
5. Transfer of Funds to Investment Target:
After KYC clearance and asset verification, funds are transferred to:
6. Residency Application Submission:
Once the investment is made and verified, your immigration lawyer or agent submits the full application packet to the government, including your crypto documentation and KYC clearance letters.
Expect to provide the following during your crypto-based migration process:
Governments and financial partners will want assurance that:
In many countries, regulated third-party services, such as blockchain analytics firms (e.g., Chainalysis or Elliptic), are used to trace the asset path and issue a “clean asset report.”
While crypto is borderless by nature, migration programs are bound by local and international laws. Governments require assurance that applicants meet anti-money laundering (AML), tax, and financial reporting standards.
Here’s what you need to know about the legal side of moving abroad with your digital wealth.
Governments that accept cryptocurrency, either directly or indirectly, require a strong compliance infrastructure to manage associated risks. This includes:
Failure to follow the correct route can lead to application rejection, or even legal penalties, especially in jurisdictions with strict financial controls.
Every crypto-based investment migration process includes robust identity checks, which are often more intense than traditional fiat migration routes.
Key requirements include:
This is especially common in high-risk regions or when applying for fast-track citizenship programs like those in the Caribbean.
Moving your crypto wealth across borders has serious tax consequences depending on the country you're migrating from, and the country you're moving to.
Key scenarios include:
It’s highly recommended to consult both an international tax advisor and a crypto-competent accountant before transferring funds across borders or applying to residency programs.
While cryptocurrency adds a modern twist to migration, the underlying requirements for residency or citizenship remain rooted in traditional investment thresholds. The digital origin of the capital doesn't reduce the financial commitment, it simply changes how the funds are delivered.
Here’s a look at the updated minimum investment requirements (as of 2025) for programs that are either directly or indirectly crypto-friendly:
These values can fluctuate based on currency rates, policy changes, and the specific category under which you apply (single applicant vs. family, for example).
Your investment can typically go into one of the following channels, depending on the country:
While timelines vary, here’s a general estimate for crypto-based migration routes:
Note: The use of crypto may extend due diligence timeframes, particularly if the asset’s origin is complex or involves early wallet addresses without clear fiat conversion trails.
Using crypto for investment migration offers speed, flexibility, and access to global opportunities, but it also comes with a unique set of challenges.
From regulatory skepticism to blockchain traceability, here’s what you need to factor in before moving your life across borders with digital assets.
One of the most obvious risks is also the most impactful: price swings.
Solution: Time your conversion near price peaks or use OTC desks with price locks and escrow services to reduce this exposure.
Governments with crypto-eligible programs typically apply stricter oversight compared to fiat-only routes.
Solution: Work with vetted advisors who can show past crypto-based client approvals, and ensure every transaction includes an official compliance trail.
Unlike traditional bank wires, crypto wealth comes with a longer digital footprint, and governments are learning how to read it.
Solution: Have a compliance audit done by a professional crypto tax/legal team before applying, especially if you mined, received airdrops, or acquired tokens peer-to-peer.
Important Note: In crypto-friendly jurisdictions like the UAE or Hong Kong, the expectation is not zero scrutiny. On the contrary, regulators there may be even more aggressive about vetting crypto wealth because they’re trying to build a globally trusted reputation.
Choosing where to migrate is about aligning your investment, lifestyle, and risk profile with the country’s legal, financial, and cultural environment. For crypto investors, this decision involves even more layers of strategy.
Not every program is ideal for every investor. Here's what to consider:
Tip: A few programs also allow for dual intent, start with residency, upgrade to citizenship after a set period (e.g., 5–7 years in Portugal or Malta).
Crypto investors often think in terms of yield, staking, or holding—but migration requires a different mindset:
A proper plan includes clear timing expectations. Here’s a basic roadmap:
Pro tip: Don’t rush the compliance side. Crypto documentation takes longer than fiat transfers, especially when dealing with early wallets or self-custody.
Whether you're applying through a donation, real estate, or investment fund route, the crypto-funded migration process follows a consistent structure. The key difference lies in the documentation and financial path tied to your digital assets.
This step is where strategy meets compliance.
Outcome: You receive a list of eligible countries and investment options that can work with your crypto origin and structure.
This is usually the most labor-intensive stage.
Documents Required (varies slightly by country):
All documents must be translated (if needed), notarized, and in many cases, apostilled.
At this stage, you fund the investment. Depending on the country, this could be:
Crypto Funding Options:
Verification:
Once approved, residency or citizenship is granted, typically within weeks for Caribbean countries or months for EU/Asian jurisdictions.
Once your application is approved and your residency or citizenship is granted, a new legal framework opens up. These benefits vary by country and program type, but for most crypto investors, they extend far beyond just a new ID card.
In residency-by-investment programs, you receive a residence permit that allows you to live, work (in some cases), and enjoy local benefits.
What this includes:
Note: In places like the UAE, your visa is tied to your property or company. In EU countries, you often need to maintain the investment or renew residency every few years.
If your chosen program is a citizenship-by-investment (CBI) route, such as those in St. Kitts or Grenada, you receive full citizenship from day one.
This grants:
In residency-by-investment programs (e.g., Portugal, Malta), citizenship usually becomes an option after a number of years, ranging from 5 to 10, along with other integration requirements like language proficiency or physical presence.
Example: Portugal offers citizenship after 5 years of holding a Golden Visa, even with minimal physical presence. Malta offers a fast-track route to citizenship through the MEIN (Exceptional Investment Naturalization) route within 12–36 months.
This is often the primary reason HNWIs, and crypto entrepreneurs pursue second residency or passports.
You'll need professionals who understand the backend of blockchain finance and how to prepare your crypto for cross-border use. These experts typically assist with:
These specialists form a crucial bridge between your crypto wealth and the traditional financial world that still underpins most migration programs.
And alongside crypto experts, you will need immigration consultants to facilitate all legal and regulatory components of the process.
Savory & Partners will help you navigate the complex legal frameworks of countries offering residency or citizenship through investment. With experience handling high-net-worth and crypto-backed cases, they ensure your application is strategic, compliant, and structured for approval.
Crypto may be decentralized. Migration law isn’t. Get the right team, and the process becomes not just possible, but predictable.
Only a few countries allow direct crypto-based citizenship payments. As of 2025, El Salvador accepts Bitcoin and USDT through its Freedom Visa program. Most other jurisdictions require crypto to be converted to fiat before the investment is recognized.
It depends on your current country of tax residence. Some jurisdictions treat crypto-to-fiat conversion as a taxable event, even if it's for a migration-related investment. You should consult a crypto tax expert before initiating any transfers.
Expect to submit wallet screenshots, signed messages, blockchain explorer links, and exchange transaction histories. In some cases, you'll also need a third-party verification report to confirm the legality and source of your funds.
As of this year, Hong Kong, St. Kitts & Nevis, and Singapore recognize cryptocurrency holdings as part of your net worth or wealth declaration, as long as those assets are verifiable, held in regulated custody, and compliant with AML standards.
Stablecoins like USDT and USDC are less volatile and often preferred for large transactions. However, they introduce counterparty risk, meaning the issuer’s regulatory standing and liquidity can affect your ability to complete a transaction. They are practical for reducing volatility risk during processing but should be used via regulated channels.
Central Intelligence Agency. (2025). The world factbook – El Salvador. Retrieved April 13, 2025, from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador/
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. (2025). Capital Investment Entrant Scheme Relaunched with New Criteria. Retrieved April 13, 2025, from https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/202401/11/P2024011100324.htm
Government of St. Kitts & Nevis. (2025). CIU Advisory: Expanded Financial Requirements Accept Cryptocurrency as Proof of Wealth. Retrieved April 13, 2025, from https://www.ciu.gov.kn/
Monetary Authority of Singapore. (2025). Crypto Asset Guidelines for Wealth Declaration in GIP Applications. Retrieved April 13, 2025, from https://www.mas.gov.sg/
Reuters. (2025). UAE's Real Estate Sector Embraces Crypto as Developers Accept Bitcoin, Ethereum. Retrieved April 13, 2025, from https://www.reuters.com/markets/uae-real-estate-crypto-2025/
Written By
Andrew Wilder
Andrew Wilder is a multifaceted author on Business Migration programs all over the globe. Over the past 10 years, he has written extensively to help investors diversify their portfolios and gain citizenship or residency through innovative real estate and business investment opportunities.